Now is the time to challenge gender stereotypes in the Eastern Partnership countries
Despite progress toward gender equality, harmful stereotypes still shape everyday life in the Eastern Partnership countries, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine. A 2022 Baseline Study on gender norms and stereotypes in the region, carried out by the EU 4 Gender Equality programme, revealed that deep-rooted stereotypes continue to hinder progress. We asked experts from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Ukraine to confront some of the region’s most common gender stereotypes, to understand how we can build more equal communities for everyone.
Stereotype #1. “Women should focus on family over careers”
The Baseline Study shows that the ‘good mother’ stereotype still pressures women to prioritise household duties over career development, especially during their children’s early years.
“This societal expectation limits women’s participation in the labour force while burdening them with the majority of unpaid care and domestic work,” says Guillem Fortuny, author of the 2024 Follow-up Assessment on gender norms and stereotypes in the EU’s Eastern Partnership countries, also conducted as part of the EU 4 Gender Equality initiative. “Discriminatory practices in the workplace are reinforced by traditional company cultures, leadership values, and a general lack of acceptance for women in leadership roles,” he added.
The situation is exacerbated by the lack of paternity leave, flexible parental leave, and leave-sharing arrangements across the region. The stereotype of the man as the primary breadwinner also contributes to the idea that women belong in the home.
Stereotype #2. “Women and girls don’t belong in STEM” (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics)
Beyond household and caregiving expectations, gender stereotypes also pervade education and professional fields. Women in male-dominated fields such as Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) in Ukraine report that stereotypes and societal expectations often limit their access to these careers. According to findings from the Follow-Up Assessment, a lack of visible role models and societal bias discourage girls from pursuing STEM careers.
“Many young women in Ukraine and across the region are steered away from STEM fields simply because society does not envision them in these roles,” says Anna Orekhova, Co-Founder and Partner at the InScience NGO. She added that this pressure could be strong enough to cause talented women to leave these fields early in their careers.
Stereotype #3. “Violence could be justified”
Gender-based violence remains one of the most widespread human rights violations, deeply rooted in gender inequality, discrimination, and harmful cultural and social norms. According to Irina Japharidze from UN Women Georgia, in some societies, violence is justified when it is believed that women have violated social norms.
Local advocates and civil society organisations who participated in the Follow-Up Assessment on gender norms and stereotypes indicated that tolerance for violence remains high in society. They emphasised the need for awareness-raising campaigns, stronger institutional support, and educational initiatives starting from an early age and involving students, parents, and schools.
“A 2022 study in Georgia found that about a quarter of the population still believes that in certain cases, it’s justified for a husband to beat his wife,” says Irina Japharidze.
Another significant issue is that survivors of violence often struggle to report their experiences. To tackle these deeply ingrained beliefs, Irina Japharidze emphasises the need for a “holistic approach”, addressing the issue on multiple levels. Policies and legislation must be gender-sensitive, and the institutions responsible for enforcing these laws – such as the justice system, healthcare providers, and social services – must be better equipped to support survivors.
Stereotype #4. “Sexual education is useless”
Sexual education plays a crucial role in shaping healthy attitudes toward relationships, gender, and consent, yet it remains undervalued in many societies. According to Iryna Rubis, Head of the Pislyazavtra NGO in Ukraine, the lack of education on issues related to gender and sexuality is a significant driver of stereotypes.
“When we ask teenagers and adults about the sources of gender bias, they consistently point to the lack of education on these topics as one of the key reasons. Comprehensive sex education breaks down harmful myths and stereotypes related to sexuality, bodies, and gender roles. By providing accurate information and encouraging an open dialogue with comprehensive sex education formats, we not only embrace gender equality and reduce gender-based violence and discrimination but boost overall tolerance and contribute to equitable society formation,” Rubis says.
Stereotype #5. “Women with disabilities don’t belong in the workforce”
Women with disabilities continue to face significant barriers in accessing professional opportunities. The Follow-Up Assessment on gender norms and stereotypes reveals that most women with disabilities in the Eastern Partnership countries highly value participating in the labour market. However, focus group discussions confirmed that they face discrimination from recruiters, making it difficult to secure well-paying jobs. Additionally, the lack of quality inclusive education, as well as physical, informational and communicational barriers in schools and universities further limits their opportunities, leaving many women without the qualifications needed for employment.
Empowering change through action
The journey toward gender equality in the Eastern Partnership countries is complex, but progress is possible through continued education, advocacy, and by challenging deeply rooted stereotypes. By empowering individuals to rethink outdated norms and promoting equal opportunities for all — whether in the workplace, education, or at home — we can create a society where everyone’s potential is fulfilled.
